La Raza (Mexican Spanish: [la 'ra.sa] (listen); Spanish transl. "the People";[2] lit. transl. "the Race"[2]) is a Mexico City Metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It is a combined underground and at-grade station with two side platforms each, served by Lines 3 (the Olive Line) and 5 (the Yellow Line). La Raza station is located between Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3, and between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations on Line 5. It serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Vallejo and Héroes de Nacozari. The station's pictogram depicts the nearby Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in honor of la Raza, Mexico's many native peoples and cultures.

La Raza
STC rapid transit
Various scientific images are displayed in La Raza's transfer tunnel (pictured)
General information
Location	Insurgentes Norte Avenue Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City Mexico
Coordinates	19°28′13″N 99°08′13″W
Operated by	Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC)
Line(s)	(Indios Verdes – Universidad) (Politécnico – Pantitlán)
Platforms	4 side platforms (2 per line)
Tracks	4 (2 per line)
Connections	La Raza La Raza La Raza La Raza (under construction) Routes: 11-A, 12, 23, 27-A, 103 Trolleybus Line 1: La Raza Routes: 7-D, 20-C, 20-D
Construction
Structure type	Underground At grade
Bicycle facilities	Bicycle parking-only
Disabled access	Partial
Other information
Status	In service
History
Opened	25 August 1978 1 July 1982
Passengers
2021	Total: 8,692,459 6,278,397[1] 2,414,062[1]  3.92%
Rank	33/195[1] 125/195[1]
Services
Preceding station Mexico City Metro Following station Potrero toward Indios Verdes Line 3 Tlatelolco toward Universidad Autobuses del Norte toward Politécnico Line 5 Misterios toward Pantitlán
Route map Legend Ticomán workshops Indios Verdes Deportivo 18 de Marzo Potrero La Raza Tlatelolco Guerrero Hidalgo Juárez Balderas Niños Héroes / Poder Judicial CDMX Hospital General Centro Médico Etiopía / Plaza de la Transparencia Eugenia División del Norte Zapata Coyoacán Viveros / Derechos Humanos Miguel Ángel de Quevedo Copilco Universidad This diagram: view talk edit Legend Politécnico Instituto del Petróleo Autobuses del Norte La Raza Misterios Valle Gómez Consulado Eduardo Molina Aragón Oceanía Terminal Aérea Hangares Pantitlán This diagram: view talk edit
Location
La Raza Location within Mexico City
Area map

La Raza station opened on 25 August 1978 with service on Line 3 southward toward Hospital General station. Southeasterly service on Line 5 toward Pantitlán station began on 1 July 1982. The station facilities are partially accessible for people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates; inside, there is an Internet café, a library, and a mural titled Monstruos de fin de milenio, painted by Ariosto Otero Reyes. Outside, there is a bicycle parking station and a bus terminal. In 2019, the station had an overall average daily ridership of 40,937 passengers.

The transfer tunnel has an approximate length of 600 meters (2,000 ft), the second-longest in the system. Inside the tunnel, there is a permanent science exhibition called El Túnel de la Ciencia ("The Tunnel of Science"), installed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to provide scientific information to passengers, which was opened on 30 November 1988. The exposition features information about science and astronomy using pictures.

Location

La Raza is a metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough, in northern Mexico City. The Line 3 station lies along Insurgentes Norte Avenue, while the Line 5 station lies along the intersection of Leoncavallo and Paganini Streets, near Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. La Raza serves the colonias (Mexican Spanish for "neighborhoods") of Héroes de Nacozari and Vallejo. Within the system, it lies between Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3; on Line 5, the station lies between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations.[3]

The area is serviced by a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM), a type of transport hub,[4] La Raza Metrobús transfer station (Lines 1 and 3),[5] by Line 1 (formerly Line A) of the trolleybus system,[3] by Routes 11-A, 12, 23, 27-A, and 103 of the Red de Transporte de Pasajeros network,[6] and by Routes 7-D, 20-C, and 20-D of the city's public bus system.[7] In the future, it will connect with the Mexibús Line IV route.[8]

Exits

There are five exits.[3]

• Northwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
• Southwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
• West: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Héroes de Nacozari (Line 3).
• North: Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).
• South: Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).

History and construction

Line 3 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro, and Cometro (a subsidiary of Empresas ICA);[9] La Raza Line 3 opened on 25 August 1978, on the first day of the La Raza–Hospital General service.[10] It was built underground;[11] the Potrero–La Raza stretch goes from the street level to the underground level,[12] and its length is 1,106 meters (3,629 ft),[13] while the La Raza–Tlatelolco interstation tunnel is 1,445 m (4,741 ft) long.[13]

Line 5 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Cometro;[14] the station was opened on 1 July 1982, on the first day of the La Raza–Pantitlán service.[10] The station was built at grade level.[15] While the La Raza–Autobuses del Norte interstation is 975 m (3,199 ft) long,[16] the one between La Raza and Misterios measures 892 m (2,927 ft)[16] and goes from the street level to the underground one.[13]

The passenger transfer tunnel that connects Line 3 with Line 5 has an approximate length of 600 m (2,000 ft),[17] and is the second-longest in the system after Atlalilco station, which connects Lines 8 and 12 (the Green and Golden lines, respectively), whose length is 880 m (2,890 ft).[18] La Raza's pictogram depicts the Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in 1940 in honor of la Raza,[3][19] an ethnic movement by indigenous peoples of Mexico.[2] The facilities are partially accessible for people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates, and there is an Internet café, a help desk,[3] and a library.[20]

In 2008, Metro authorities had maintenance work done on Line 5 station's roof.[21] In August 2016, the Government of Mexico City built a bicycle parking station outside La Raza station.[22]

1995 shooting

On 28 September 1995, Ernesto Cruz Jiménez, a Huixquilucan police officer, entered a parked train and shot seven passengers, killing two of them.[23][24] After being arrested, Cruz said he felt depressed. He was sentenced to 50 years in prison.[25][26] After the incident, the Government of Mexico City had walk-through metal detectors installed in the metro system.[24][27]

Other incidents

The station floods during periods of heavy rainfall.[28][29]

Ridership

According to the data provided by the authorities, between 2011 and 2021, commuters averaged between 17,200 and 37,900 daily entrances on Line 3 and between 6,000 and 12,900 daily entrances on Line 5.

In 2019, before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, the station's ridership totaled 14,942,281 passengers. For Line 3, the ridership was 11,364,171 passengers—31,134 passengers per day, which was a decrease of 397,769 passengers compared to 2018. For Line 5, the station had a ridership of 3,578,110—9,803 passengers per day, which was a decrease of 46,541 compared to 2018.[30][31]

In 2019, the Line 3 station was the 38th busiest of the system's 195 stations, and the line's 6th busiest. The Line 5 station was the 155th busiest in the system and the line's 5th busiest.[30]

Landmarks

El túnel de la ciencia

The El túnel de la ciencia Museum (English for "The Tunnel of Science")[40][41] is the longest permanent exposition in the world.[42] Science and astronomy pictures and information are mounted on the walls located inside the transfer tunnel. It was opened on 30 November 1988—the first Latin American scientific exhibition installed in a public transport location.[20] Its purpose is to provide scientific information to passengers. It is aimed at young people since many of them are students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN).[43] The tunnel's area is 6,177 square meters (66,490 sq ft)[44] and features images of the autumn-sky constellations,[43] planets and satellites, the Milky Way,[45] and, in the middle of the tunnel, there is a drawn-to-scale representation of the celestial sphere displaying the 12 zodiac constellations, drawn with luminous paint.[20][46] The exhibition was installed by Universum, UNAM's science museum.[43] It is estimated that 60,000 people visit it with the guided tour service.[20] In 2018, the Institute of Astronomy of the UNAM [es] remodeled the tunnel.[20]

Other exhibitions

On 25 November 2008, the Metro authorities installed the 1997 mural Monstruos de fin de milenio (lit. transl. Monsters from the End of the Millennium), which was painted and donated to the metro system by Mexican painter Ariosto Otero Reyes [es].[47]

In June 2015, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) of the IPN exhibited multiple human brains, their anatomy, and some injuries they had suffered.[48] In April 2016, the Geology Museum of the UNAM [es] displayed rocks, fossils, minerals, and a shark jaw.[49] In June 2016, the system featured an exhibition of 80 preserved human body parts by the Tominaga Nakamoto University, a display of 50 sculptures by Nour Kuri representing human bodies, and six photographs by Duilio Rodríguez representing pain.[50][51] In May and June 2018, La Raza station hosted exhibitions by Manuel de la Cera, Norma Patiño, Teresa Olalde, and the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)'s LibroFest.[52]

From 21 August to 15 October 2018, the Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (SAGARPA) and the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) displayed an exposition in the tunnel on bees and their ecological importance.[53] In 2020, the station temporarily displayed pictures, landscapes, and sculptures created by Swiss artist H. R. Giger.[54]

Gallery

In the middle of the tunnel, a representation of the celestial sphere is depicted with luminous paint

Monstruos de Fin de Milenio mural by Ariosto Otero Reyes

The June 2016 exhibition on the human body displaying the nervous system

Síntomas by Duilio Rodríguez

Landmarks and exhibitions at La Raza

References

External links

• Media related to La Raza (station) at Wikimedia Commons
• El túnel de la ciencia Official Website (in Spanish)
• "Metro La Raza (Hall of Science)". At the Official Guide to Mexico City.