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The Soviet locomotive class FD (Russian: ФД) was a Soviet main freight steam locomotive type named after Felix Dzerzhinsky (Russian: Феликс Дзержинский). Between 1932 and 1942, 3213 FD series locomotives were built.

Soviet locomotive class ФД
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderOctober Revolution Locomotive Factory (Voroshilovgrad)
Build date1931—1942
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-10-2
Gauge1,524 mm (5 ft) or
1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)
on the Russian Railways
1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge on the China Railway
Leading dia.900 mm (35.43 in)
Driver dia.1,500 mm (59.06 in)
Trailing dia.1,050 mm (41.34 in)
Length15.974 m (52 ft 4+7⁄8 in) (w/o tender),
28.519 m (93 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (with tender)
Adhesive weight104.0 t (102.4 long tons; 114.6 short tons)
Total weight259.5 t (255.4 long tons; 286.0 short tons)
Fuel typeCoal, oil (FDP)
Firebox:
 • Firegrate area		7.04 m2 (75.8 sq ft)
Boiler pressure15 kgf/cm2 (1.47 MPa; 213 psi)
CylindersTwo, outside
Cylinder size670 mm × 770 mm (26.38 in × 30.31 in)
bore x stroke
Performance figures
Maximum speed85 km/h (53 mph)
Tractive effort287.9 kN (64,720 lbf)
Career
OperatorsSoviet railways, China Railway
LocaleSoviet Union, China
Retired1970-1992
Scrapped1972-1995

History


The locomotive was created in connection with the industrialization conducted in the USSR. Planning took only 100 days, and typical construction time was 170 days. For certain features the design engineers referred to American practice in steam locomotive design. The first locomotive was built at the October Revolution Locomotive Factory in Voroshilovgrad in 1931 and sent for a show to Moscow.

Scale Model of Russian Class FD locomotive number FD20-2865 at the Museum of the Moscow Railway at Paveletsky Rail Terminal
Scale Model of Russian Class FD locomotive number FD20-2865 at the Museum of the Moscow Railway at Paveletsky Rail Terminal

Tests, in which the locomotive performed well, were conducted in 1932. In that year the Voroshilovgradskom plant began mass production of ФД20 locomotives. Over the course of production their construction got better steadily. From the beginning of the Great Patriotic war in 1941, production was interrupted only in 1942; four locomotives were built in Ulan Ude. Total production was 2927 locomotives of ФД20 and 286 locomotives of ФД21. The two subclasses only differed in the type of superheater.

The locomotives of ФД operated in areas with high turnover of goods. They worked on 23 of 43 railways in the USSR, including in Siberia and in the Urals. From middle of 1950, in connection with conversion to diesel engines and electric locomotives, the locomotives of ФД began to be pushed aside from work. Also in 1958–1960 about 1000 locomotives were transferred to China, as China Railway class FD; some of these were subsequently transferred from China to North Korea,[1] where the Korean State Railway numbered them in the 8500 series.




See also



References



Notes



    Literature




    1. Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), p. 111 ISBN 978-4-10-303731-6

    На других языках

    - [en] Russian locomotive class FD

    [ru] ФД

    ФД («Феликс Дзержинский»; заводское обозначение — 1П — «1-й тип паровоза»; прозвища — Федя, Федюк, Феликс[1][2]) ― советский магистральный грузовой паровоз типа 1-5-1, производившийся Луганским (Ворошиловградским) паровозостроительным заводом с 1931 по 1941 год. Был создан в связи с проводившейся в Советском Союзе индустриализацией, когда правительство страны потребовало от железнодорожного транспорта справиться со всё возрастающим грузооборотом.


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