South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1928 - Train

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The South African Railways Class 16DA 4-6-2 of 1928 was a steam locomotive.

South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1928

Hohenzollern-built no. 870, 4 April 1979

Type and origin
♠ With 60 inch (1,524 mm) coupled wheels ♥ With 63 inch (1,600 mm) coupled wheels ♣ 22x26 Cylinders – ♦ 23x26 Cylinders
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways (Col F.R. Collins DSO)
Builder	Hohenzollern Locomotive Works Baldwin Locomotive Works
Serial number	Hohenzollern 4653-4658 Baldwin 60820-60827
Model	Class 16DA
Build date	1928-1929
Total produced	14

Specifications
Configuration:
• Whyte	4-6-2 (Pacific)
• UIC	2'C1'h2
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	30 in (762 mm)
Coupled dia.	♠ 60 in (1,524 mm) ♥ 63 in (1,600 mm)
Trailing dia.	33 in (838 mm)
Tender wheels	34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase	60 ft 3+3⁄16 in (18,369 mm)
• Engine	30 ft 8 in (9,347 mm)
• Leading	6 ft 10 in (2,083 mm)
• Coupled	11 ft (3,353 mm)
• Tender	20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm)
• Tender bogie	6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	68 ft 4+3⁄16 in (20,833 mm)
Height	♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥ 12 ft 11+1⁄2 in (3,950 mm)
Frame type	Bar
Axle load	♠ 18 LT 15 cwt (19,050 kg) ♥ 19 LT 2 cwt (19,410 kg)
• Leading	♠♥ 18 LT 10 cwt (18,800 kg)
• Coupled	♠ 18 LT 15 cwt (19,050 kg)
• 1st coupled	♥ 19 LT 2 cwt (19,410 kg)
• 2nd coupled	♥ 19 LT (19,300 kg)
• 3rd coupled	♥ 19 LT 2 cwt (19,410 kg)
• Trailing	♠♥ 14 LT 17 cwt (15,090 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: 33 LT 18 cwt (34,440 kg) Bogie 2: 35 LT 10 cwt (36,070 kg)
• Tender axle	17 LT 15 cwt (18,030 kg)
Adhesive weight	♠ 56 LT 5 cwt (57,150 kg) ♥ 57 LT 4 cwt (58,120 kg)
Loco weight	♠ 89 LT 12 cwt (91,040 kg) ♥ 90 LT 11 cwt (92,000 kg)
Tender weight	69 LT 8 cwt (70,510 kg)
Total weight	♠ 159 LT (161,600 kg) ♥ 159 LT 19 cwt (162,500 kg)
Tender type	KT (2-axle bogies)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	14 LT (14.2 t)
Water cap.	6,000 imp gal (27,300 l)
Firebox type	Round-top
• Firegrate area	45 sq ft (4.2 m²)
Boiler:
• Pitch	♠ 8 ft 6 in (2,591 mm) ♥ 8 ft 7+1⁄2 in (2,629 mm)
• Diameter	5 ft 10+1⁄4 in (1,784 mm)
• Tube plates	17 ft 10+5⁄8 in (5,451 mm)
• Small tubes	181: 2 in (51 mm)
• Large tubes	30: 5+3⁄8 in (137 mm)
Boiler pressure	♠ 195 psi (1,344 kPa) ♥ 205 psi (1,413 kPa)
Safety valve	Pop
Heating surface	2,639 sq ft (245.2 m²)
• Tubes	2,453 sq ft (227.9 m²)
• Arch tubes	22 sq ft (2.0 m²)
• Firebox	164 sq ft (15.2 m²)
Superheater:
• Heating area	593 sq ft (55.1 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	♣ 22 in (559 mm) bore ♦ 23 in (584 mm) bore ♣♦ 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Valve type	Piston
Couplers	AAR knuckle

Performance figures
Tractive effort	♠♣ 30,670 lbf (136.4 kN) @ 75% ♠♦ 33,530 lbf (149.1 kN) @ 75% ♥♣ 30,710 lbf (136.6 kN) @ 75% ♥♦ 33,570 lbf (149.3 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 16DA
Number in class	14
Numbers	843-850 & 868-873
Delivered	1928-1929
First run	1928
Withdrawn	1973

In 1928, the South African Railways placed six Class 16DA steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific type wheel arrangement in passenger train service. Eight more entered service in 1929.[1][2]

Manufacturers

Further orders for locomotives similar to the Class 16D Pacific type locomotive were placed for the South African Railways (SAR) in 1928. The design of the earlier engines was modified by the Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME), Colonel F.R. Collins DSO, along the same lines as his design of the Class 15CA Mountain type.[1][2][3]

This consisted of a locomotive bar frame which was shorter to end at the front of the firebox, with a bridle casting to create a widened frame extension below the firebox and the cab to the rear dragbox to gain more ashpan room under the firebox.[1][2]

These redesigned locomotives were designated Class 16DA and were built by two manufacturers in 1928 and 1929. The first six, numbered in the range from 868 to 873, were built in Germany by Hohenzollern Locomotive Works and entered service in 1928. Another eight locomotives, numbered in the range from 843 to 850, were built in the United States of America by Baldwin Locomotive Works and entered service in 1929.[1][2]

Characteristics

The Hohenzollern and Baldwin-built Class 16DA locomotives basically differed from the predecessor Class 16D only by virtue of its shortened frame and bridle casting, the Class 16D having had a frame extending all the way from the front buffer beam to the rear dragbox. They used the same Type KT tenders with a coal capacity of 14 long tons (14.2 tonnes) and a water capacity of 6,000 imperial gallons (27,300 litres). As delivered, they had 60 inches (1,524 millimetres) diameter coupled wheels and their cylinders were of 22 inches (559 millimetres) bore and 26 inches (660 millimetres) stroke. Their boiler operating pressure was set at 195 pounds per square inch (1,344 kilopascals).[2][3]

Modification

During the 1940s six of these locomotives, three from each manufacturer group, were retyred with 63 inches (1,600 millimetres) diameter tyres on their coupled wheels. To not have their tractive effort reduced by the larger coupled wheels, their cylinders were reamed from a bore of 22 to 23 inches (559 to 584 millimetres) and their operating boiler pressure was raised to 205 pounds per square inch (1,410 kilopascals). All the modified locomotives remained classified as Class 16DA.[4][5]

When the larger tyres were fitted, the old tyres were left in position and turned down on the wheel centres to serve as liners and the new tyres were then shrunk on over the liners. The practice of increasing the diameter of coupled wheels, wheel spacing and other considerations permitting, was begun by A.G. Watson during his term in office as CME and was continued by his successors. The reduction of tractive effort caused by the larger wheels was made up by increasing boiler pressures or by fitting larger cylinders or both, as required. This policy resulted in more mileage between heavy repairs, less cost-per-mile on repairs and locomotives capable of higher speeds.[2]

Service

The Class 16DA Pacifics were initially placed in passenger service between Johannesburg and Kimberley where they regularly worked trains like the Union Express and Union Limited, which became the Blue Train after the Second World War. From 1930 the new Henschel-built wide-firebox Class 16DA took over this duty.[6][7]

In 1939–1940, when new air-conditioned rolling stock was placed in service on the Union Limited and Union Express services between Cape Town and Johannesburg, all the Class 16DA and Class 16E locomotives were transferred to Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State. From here, they continued to work passenger trains north and south, including the Orange Express, until the Class 15F replaced them and they were relegated to suburban and local passenger train work. By the early 1950s, the suburban trains to Lynchfield and Melorane were handled by narrow-firebox Class 16DA locomotives which only occasionally worked mainline passenger trains by then. They were withdrawn from service in 1973.[6][8]

Four of the Baldwin-built locomotives were sold into industrial service. No. 844 went to Hlobane Colliery in Natal and later to Umgala Colliery. Numbers 845, 847 and 848 went to Wankie Colliery in Rhodesia, where they became numbers 5 to 7 in reverse order. After they were finally withdrawn in 1982, one of these three was plinthed alongside the main North road at Hwange. Another of the Baldwin-built locomotives, no. 850, is plinthed at Theunissen in the Free State.[3]

Works numbers

The table lists the Hohenzollern and Baldwin Class 16DA engine numbers, builders, years built, works numbers and variations in coupled wheel sizes.[4][5]

Class 16DA 4-6-2
Builders, Works Numbers & Variations
SAR No.	Builder	Year	Works No.	Coupled wheel dia.
843	Baldwin	1929	60820	63"/1600mm
844	Baldwin	1929	60821	60"/1524mm
845	Baldwin	1929	60822	60"/1524mm
846	Baldwin	1929	60823	63"/1600mm
847	Baldwin	1929	60824	60"/1524mm
848	Baldwin	1929	60825	63"/1600mm
849	Baldwin	1929	60826	60"/1524mm
850	Baldwin	1929	60827	60"/1524mm
868	Hohenzollern	1928	4653	63"/1600mm
869	Hohenzollern	1928	4654	63"/1600mm
870	Hohenzollern	1928	4655	60"/1524mm
871	Hohenzollern	1928	4656	60"/1524mm
872	Hohenzollern	1928	4657	60"/1524mm
873	Hohenzollern	1928	4658	63"/1600mm

Preservation

Number	THF / Private	Leaselend / Owner	Current Location	Outside SOUTH AFRICA	?
848	Private	Wanki Collery	Main Street	Zimbabwe	next to Wanki Highway
850	Private	Theunissen Municipality	Main Street
870	THF		Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot
876	THF	Transnet Heritage Foundation (Museum)	Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot
878	THF	Transnet Engineering	Bloemfontein Locomotive Depot
879	THF	Ceres Railway Company	Cape Town Station

Illustration

Baldwin-built no. 850 at Theunissen, 29 May 2005
Baldwin-built no. 844 at the SANRASM South Site, June 2011

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1928 Hohenzollern.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 16DA 4-6-2 1929 Baldwin.

Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII – South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, May 1946. pp. 375-376.
Durrant, AE (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott: David & Charles. p. 94. ISBN 0715386387.
South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 23-24.
South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 August 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 23-24.
Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 67. ISBN 0869772112.
Soul of A Railway, System 7, Western Transvaal, based in Johannesburg, Part 26: Braamfontein West to Klerksdorp (home signal) by Les Pivnic, Part 1. Caption 18. (Accessed on 6 May 2017)
Soul of A Railway, System 5, Part 1: Bloemfontein. Caption 1. (Accessed on 1 March 2017)

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT
Standard gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance
Cape gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T
Cape gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0
Cape gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U
2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope
2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

SAR Class ES
SAR Class ES1
SAR Class Exp-AC
SAR Class 1E
SAR Class 2E
SAR Class 3E
SAR Class 4E
SAR Class 5E s1
SAR Class 5E s2
SAR Class 5E s3
SAR Class 5E1 s1
SAR Class 5E1 s2
SAR Class 5E1 s3
SAR Class 5E1 s4
SAR Class 5E1 s5
SAR Class 6E
SAR Class 6E1 s1
SAR Class 6E1 s2
SAR Class 6E1 s3
SAR Class 6E1 s4
SAR Class 6E1 s5
SAR Class 6E1 s6
SAR Class 6E1 s7
SAR Class 6E1 s8
SAR Class 6E1 s9
SAR Class 6E1 s10
SAR Class 6E1 s11
SAR Class 7E
SAR Class 7E1
SAR Class 7E2 s1
SAR Class 7E2 s2
SAR Class 7E3 s1
SAR Class 7E3 s2
Spoornet Class 7E4
SAR Class 8E
SAR Class 9E s1
SAR Class 9E s2
SAR Class 10E
SAR Class 10E1 s1
Spoornet Class 10E1 s2
SAR Class 10E2
SAR Class 11E
SAR Class 12E
Spoornet Class 14E
Spoornet Class 14E1
TFR Class 15E
Spoornet Class 16E
Spoornet Class 17E
Spoornet Class 18E s1
TFR Class 18E s2
TFR Class 19E
TFR Class 20E
TFR Class 21E
TFR Class 22E
TFR Class 23E

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

Cape gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000
2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000
Cape gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000
Cape gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

List of South African locomotive classes
South African locomotive numbering and classification

South African steam locomotive tenders

Cape gauge

Type CL
Type CZ

Type ET
Type ET1
Type EW
Type EW1
Type EW2

Type FT

Type GT

Type HT

Type JT
Type JT1
Type JV

Type KT

Type LP

Type MP
Type MP1
Type MR
Type MS
Type MT
Type MT1
Type MT2
Type MX
Type MY
Type MY1

Type SH
Type SK

Type TJ
Type TL
Type TM

Type WE
Type WG

Type X-17
Type X-20
Type XC
Type XC1
Type XD
Type XE
Type XE1
Type XF
Type XF1
Type XF2
Type XJ
Type XM
Type XM1
Type XM2
Type XM3
Type XM4
Type XP1
Type XS

Type YB
Type YC
Type YE
Type YE1

Type ZA
Type ZB
Type ZC
Type ZE

List of South African locomotive classes
South African locomotive history

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