South African Class 19A 4-8-2 - Train

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The South African Railways Class 19A 4-8-2 of 1929 was a steam locomotive.

South African Class 19A & 19AR 4-8-2

Class 19A no. 685 at De Aar, 16 October 1978

Type and origin
♠ Class 19A as built with a round-topped firebox ♥ Class 19AR rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways (Col F.R. Collins DSO)
Builder	Swiss Locomotive and Machine
Serial number	3300-3335
Model	Class 19A
Build date	1929
Total produced	36

Specifications
Configuration:
• Whyte	4-8-2 (Mountain)
• UIC	2'D1'h2
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	28+1⁄2 in (724 mm)
Coupled dia.	51 in (1,295 mm)
Trailing dia.	33 in (838 mm)
Tender wheels	34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase	58 ft 7+5⁄8 in (17,872 mm)
• Engine	32 ft 2 in (9,804 mm)
• Leading	6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm)
• Coupled	14 ft 5 in (4,394 mm)
• Tender	16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)
Wheel spacing (Asymmetrical)	1-2: 4 ft 10 in (1,473 mm) 2-3: 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) 3-4: 4 ft 10 in (1,473 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	67 ft 6 in (20,574 mm)
Height	♠ 12 ft 10+7⁄8 in (3,934 mm) ♥ 12 ft 11+7⁄8 in (3,959 mm)
Frame type	Bar
Axle load	♠ 13 LT 4 cwt (13,410 kg) ♥ 13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• Leading	♠ 13 LT 12 cwt (13,820 kg) ♥ 13 LT 12 cwt (13,820 kg)
• 1st coupled	♠ 12 LT 17 cwt (13,060 kg) ♥ 12 LT 15 cwt (12,950 kg)
• 2nd coupled	♠ 13 LT 4 cwt (13,410 kg) ♥ 13 LT 1 cwt (13,260 kg)
• 3rd coupled	♠ 12 LT 17 cwt (13,060 kg) ♥ 12 LT 15 cwt (12,950 kg)
• 4th coupled	♠ 12 LT 15 cwt (12,950 kg) ♥ 12 LT 12 cwt (12,800 kg)
• Trailing	♠ 9 LT 18 cwt (10,060 kg) ♥ 11 LT 7 cwt (11,530 kg)
• Tender bogie	Bogie 1: 25 LT 15 cwt (26,160 kg) Bogie 2: 25 LT 4 cwt (25,600 kg)
• Tender axle	12 LT 17 cwt 2 qtr (13,080 kg)
Adhesive weight	♠ 51 LT 13 cwt (52,480 kg) ♥ 51 LT 3 cwt (51,970 kg)
Loco weight	♠ 75 LT 3 cwt (76,360 kg) ♥ 76 LT 2 cwt (77,320 kg)
Tender weight	50 LT 19 cwt (51,770 kg)
Total weight	♠ 126 LT 2 cwt (128,100 kg) ♥ 127 LT 1 cwt (129,100 kg)
Tender type	MP (2-axle bogies) MP, MP1, MR, MS, MX, MY, MY1 permitted
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	9 LT 4 cwt (9.3 t)
Water cap.	4,250 imp gal (19,300 l)
Firebox type	Round-top
• Firegrate area	36 sq ft (3.3 m²)
Boiler:
• Model	Watson Standard no. 1A
• Pitch	♠ 8 ft (2,438 mm) ♥ 8 ft 1 in (2,464 mm)
• Diameter	♠ 4 ft 10+1⁄4 in (1,480 mm) ♥ 5 ft (1,524 mm)
• Tube plates	♠ 20 ft 3⁄8 in (6,106 mm) ♥ 20 ft 2 in (6,147 mm)
• Small tubes	♠ 86: 2+1⁄4 in (57 mm) ♥ 76: 2+1⁄2 in (64 mm)
• Large tubes	♠ 18: 5+1⁄2 in (140 mm) ♥ 24: 5+1⁄2 in (140 mm)
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,379 kPa)
Safety valve	Pop
Heating surface	♠ 1,667 sq ft (154.9 m²) ♥ 1,839 sq ft (170.8 m²)
• Tubes	♠ 1,527 sq ft (141.9 m²) ♥ 1,700 sq ft (160 m²)
• Arch tubes	♠ 15 sq ft (1.4 m²) ♥ 16 sq ft (1.5 m²)
• Firebox	♠ 125 sq ft (11.6 m²) ♥ 123 sq ft (11.4 m²)
Superheater:
• Heating area	♠ 415 sq ft (38.6 m²) ♥ 404 sq ft (37.5 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	19+1⁄2 in (495 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Valve type	Piston
Couplers	AAR knuckle

Performance figures
Tractive effort	♠♥ 29,080 lbf (129.4 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 19A, 19AR
Number in class	36
Numbers	675-710
Delivered	1929
First run	1929
Withdrawn	c. 1977

The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

In 1929, the South African Railways placed 36 Class 19A steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. Five of them were later reboilered and reclassified to Class 19AR.[1][2][3][4]

Manufacturer

The Class 19A 4-8-2 Mountain type steam locomotive was a later modified version of the successful Class 19 which had been introduced a year earlier. Thirty-six Class 19A engines were delivered by Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) of Winterthur in 1929, numbered in the range from 675 to 710.[2][5][6]

Characteristics

Like the Class 19, the Class 19A also had Walschaerts valve gear and a bar frame. Col F.R. Collins DSO, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) at the time, redesigned the Class 19 to achieve a lighter axle loading by reducing the coupled wheel diameters from 54 to 51 inches (1,372 to 1,295 millimetres), reducing the cylinder diameter from 21 to 19+1⁄2 inches (533 to 495 millimetres) and by using a slightly smaller boiler.[1][2][5]

The reduction in axle load was to suit some of the lighter branch lines and, as part of the weight reduction, the Class 19A was delivered with a new smaller Type MP tender with a fuel capacity of 9 long tons 4 hundredweight (9.3 tonnes), a water capacity of 4,250 imperial gallons (19,300 litres) and a maximum axle load of 12 long tons 17 hundredweight 2 quarters (13,080 kilograms). The leading coupled wheels had flangeless tyres, but these were later flanged.[2]

While the aim was to reduce the locomotive's total weight for use on some of the more lightly laid branch lines, the actual achieved weight saving was a mere four tons which could hardly have justified the cost of redesigning.[5]

The trailing bissel truck was constructed with three holes to enable the compensating beam to be fitted at three locations which enabled it to be used to redistribute the engine's weight on the trailing axle. The axle load weights as listed for the Class 19A are with the trailing truck compensating beam pin in the leading of the three holes. The axle load weights as listed for the Class 19AR are with the trailing truck compensating beam pin in the centre hole.[1][3][4]

Watson Standard boilers

From the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.[3][4][6]

Five Class 19A locomotives, numbers 678, 693, 696, 700 and 706, were reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1A boilers and designated Class 19AR. In the reboilering process, at least two of the Class 19AR locomotives, numbers 693 and 696, received domeless boilers from the first batch of Class 19D locomotives which were delivered new with domeless Watson Standard boilers.[3][4][5][6]

The reboilered Class 19AR locomotives gained less than a ton in weight during the modification process. While most locomotive classes which were reboilered with Watson Standard boilers were simultaneously equipped with Watson cabs with slanted fronts, some of the Class 19AR locomotives retained their original cabs with vertical fronts.[7]

On the reboilered Class 19AR there were three versions of cab, since no. 696 had a slanted cab from the running board up and the remains of the squared front cab from the running board down. Apart from the slanted front of the Watson cab, an obvious difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually the cover of the multiple valve regulator which is located in the smokebox, the rectangular object visible just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive.[3][4]

Service

South African Railways

The Class 19A fleet initially served on all systems of the SAR, but were later based mainly at Mason's Mill, Estcourt and Glencoe in Natal, at East London, Queenstown and Burgersdorp in the Eastern Cape, at Cape Town in the Western Cape and a few in the Western Transvaal.[5]

No. 700 was written off after an accident and by 1977 the rest were all withdrawn from Railways service. Numbers 685, 692 and 693 are known to still survive, no. 685 staged in the open at Queenstown in the Eastern Cape, no. 692 plinthed at Sterkstroom in the Eastern Cape and no. 693 staged at Millsite in Krugersdorp.[5][6][8][9]

The number plate of no. 685, depicted alongside as it is displayed in the Outeniqua Transport Museum in George, is incorrectly inscribed "19AR" since that locomotive was retired without being reboilered with a Watson Standard boiler. The engine was photographed, still with its original boiler, as late as April 1970, fifteen years into electrification and dieselisation of the SAR and with steam traction already largely relegated to shunting and pickup work.

Similarly, the picture of the Class 19A rusting at Queenstown, shown below with the number 693 hand-painted on the cabside, is actually of Class 19A no. 685. It still has an as-delivered boiler while no. 693 was reboilered with a domeless Class 19D boiler. Both locomotives had been set aside by the Transnet Heritage Foundation for preservation, with no. 685 staged at Queenstown and no. 693 at Millsite in Krugersdorp, but each somehow had the other's number painted on their cabsides after their number plates were removed.[8]

Industrial

After being retired from SAR service, several of these locomotives were sold into a second career in industrial service.[5]

Numbers 678 and 683 went to Tweefontein United Collieries. No. 678 later went to Witbank Consolidated Collieries.
No. 679 went to Apex Mines at Greenside, later to the Fluor for Sasol plant and eventually to Dunn's.
Numbers 684 and 691 went to Gledhow Sugar Mill where they were named "Umvoti" and "Blythedale" respectively. No. 684 later went to Umgala Colliery.
Numbers 689 and 707 went to Platberg Colliery.
No. 710 went to Butakon Limited, then to Southern Cross Steel Company in Middelburg, Transvaal, and eventually to Umgala Colliery at Utrecht in Natal.

Preservation

Number	Works nmr	THF / Private	Leaselend / Owner	Current Location	?
679	SWISS 3304	THF		Witbank Locomotive Depot
685	SWISS 3310	THF		Krugersdorp Locomotive Depot
692	SWISS 3317	Private	Municipality	Sterkstroom (Town Centre)
693	SWISS 3318	THF		Queenstown Locomotive Depot	19Ar (reboilered)(Standard 1A boiler)
696	SWISS 3321	THF	Natal Railway Museum	Hillton Station	19Ar (reboilered)(Domeless 19D boiler)

Illustration

Works picture of no. 699, c. 1929
A Class 19A locomotive shortly after entering service, at Paardeneiland in Cape Town, c. 1930
Class 19A no. 705 at the East London Locoshed in Cambridge, still with its original boiler, 16 April 1970
Class 19AR no. 693, reboilered with a domeless Watson Standard boiler from a first-batch Class 19D, Queenstown, 5 October 1969
Class 19AR no. 706 at Rosmead, reboilered with a Watson Standard boiler, 20 December 1969

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 19A 4-8-2.

Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1946). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VII - South African Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, Jul 1946. pp. 541-542.
South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 45.
South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 21-21a, 26-27, 45.
Durrant, AE (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott: David & Charles. p. 99. ISBN 0715386387.
Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 70. ISBN 0869772112.
Dulez, Jean A. (2012). Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent – Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains – 1860–2011) (1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9 780620 512282.
Final SAHRA List, p. 18, Category C Locomotives (For Disposal): Class 19A/19AR
Sterkstroom, Municipality - SAR Class 19A No 692

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT
Standard gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance
Cape gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T
Cape gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0
Cape gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U
2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope
2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

SAR Class ES
SAR Class ES1
SAR Class Exp-AC
SAR Class 1E
SAR Class 2E
SAR Class 3E
SAR Class 4E
SAR Class 5E s1
SAR Class 5E s2
SAR Class 5E s3
SAR Class 5E1 s1
SAR Class 5E1 s2
SAR Class 5E1 s3
SAR Class 5E1 s4
SAR Class 5E1 s5
SAR Class 6E
SAR Class 6E1 s1
SAR Class 6E1 s2
SAR Class 6E1 s3
SAR Class 6E1 s4
SAR Class 6E1 s5
SAR Class 6E1 s6
SAR Class 6E1 s7
SAR Class 6E1 s8
SAR Class 6E1 s9
SAR Class 6E1 s10
SAR Class 6E1 s11
SAR Class 7E
SAR Class 7E1
SAR Class 7E2 s1
SAR Class 7E2 s2
SAR Class 7E3 s1
SAR Class 7E3 s2
Spoornet Class 7E4
SAR Class 8E
SAR Class 9E s1
SAR Class 9E s2
SAR Class 10E
SAR Class 10E1 s1
Spoornet Class 10E1 s2
SAR Class 10E2
SAR Class 11E
SAR Class 12E
Spoornet Class 14E
Spoornet Class 14E1
TFR Class 15E
Spoornet Class 16E
Spoornet Class 17E
Spoornet Class 18E s1
TFR Class 18E s2
TFR Class 19E
TFR Class 20E
TFR Class 21E
TFR Class 22E
TFR Class 23E

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

Cape gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000
2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000
Cape gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000
Cape gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

List of South African locomotive classes
South African locomotive numbering and classification

South African steam locomotive tenders

Cape gauge

Type CL
Type CZ

Type ET
Type ET1
Type EW
Type EW1
Type EW2

Type FT

Type GT

Type HT

Type JT
Type JT1
Type JV

Type KT

Type LP

Type MP
Type MP1
Type MR
Type MS
Type MT
Type MT1
Type MT2
Type MX
Type MY
Type MY1

Type SH
Type SK

Type TJ
Type TL
Type TM

Type WE
Type WG

Type X-17
Type X-20
Type XC
Type XC1
Type XD
Type XE
Type XE1
Type XF
Type XF1
Type XF2
Type XJ
Type XM
Type XM1
Type XM2
Type XM3
Type XM4
Type XP1
Type XS

Type YB
Type YC
Type YE
Type YE1

Type ZA
Type ZB
Type ZC
Type ZE

List of South African locomotive classes
South African locomotive history

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