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Union Pacific 3985, also known as the "Challenger", is a four-cylinder simple articulated 4-6-6-4 "Challenger"-type steam locomotive built in July 1943 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, for the Union Pacific Railroad. No. 3985 is one of only two Challengers still in existence and the only one to have operated in excursion service.

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Union Pacific 3985
Union Pacific No. 3985 runs through Alton, Iowa, on October 1, 2008
Type and origin References:[1][2] Power type Steam Builder American Locomotive Company (ALCO) Serial number 70174 Build date July 1943 Rebuild date 1979–March 1981
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-6-4  • UIC (2′C) C2′ h4 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Driver dia. 69 in (1,753 mm) Wheelbase 60 ft 4+1⁄2 in (18.402 m) Engine 121 ft 10+7⁄8 in (37.157 m) Engine + tender Axle load 67,333 lb (30,542 kilograms; 30.542 metric tons) Adhesive weight 404,000 lb (183,000 kg; 183 t) Loco weight 627,900 lb (284,800 kg) Tender weight 446,000 lb (202,000 kg) Total weight 1,073,900 lb (487,100 kg) Fuel type No. 5 fuel oil, originally coal Fuel capacity 32 short tons (29 t; 29 long tons) 6,450 US gal (24,400 l; 5,370 imp gal) Water cap. 25,000 US gal (95,000 l; 21,000 imp gal) Firebox:  • Firegrate area 132 sq ft (12 m2) (grate removed in 1990) Boiler 94 in (2,400 mm) Boiler pressure 280 lbf/in2 (1.93 MPa) Heating surface 4,795 sq ft (445.5 m2)  • Tubes 527 sq ft (49.0 m2)  • Flues 3,687 sq ft (342.5 m2)  • Firebox 140 sq ft (13 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 2,162 sq ft (200.9 m2) Cylinders Four Cylinder size 21 in × 32 in (533 mm × 813 mm)
Performance figures Maximum speed 70 mph (110 km/h) Power output 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) Tractive effort 97,350 lbf (433.03 kN) Factor of adh. 4.15
Career Operators Union Pacific Railroad Class 4664-4[3] Number in class 11 of 25 Numbers UP 3985 UP 3967 UP 3718 CRR 676 Nicknames "The Challenger" Delivered 1943 First run 1943 (revenue service) May 1981 (excursion service) Last run 1957 (revenue service) October 14, 2010 (excursion service) Retired 1962 (revenue service) January 2020 (excursion service) Restored March 1981 Current owner Railroading Heritage of Midwest America (RRHMA) Disposition Awaiting restoration, based in Silvis, Illinois

No. 3985 operated in revenue service until 1957. It was then stored in the roundhouse in Cheyenne, Wyoming, until 1975, when it was placed outdoors beside the Cheyenne depot. In March 1981, after a group of Union Pacific employees restored the locomotive to operating condition, it was placed into excursion service as part of the Union Pacific's heritage fleet and became the world's largest operational steam locomotive. Mechanical problems took it offline in 2010, after which it was stored at the Union Pacific's Steam Shops in Cheyenne.

On May 1, 2019, the title of largest operational steam locomotive was passed to the newly restored 4-8-8-4 Union Pacific Big Boy No. 4014. Because of its poor mechanical condition, No. 3985 was officially retired from excursion service in 2020. In April 2022, UP officials announced that the company would donate the locomotive to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America (RRHMA), which plans to restore it to operating condition.

History

Design

Designed by UP chief mechanical engineer Otto Jabelmann in 1941, UP 3985 was part of the second order of this second version of the Challenger. The design drew on recent experience with the enormous 4-8-8-4 Big Boy locomotives, and resulted in a locomotive in that in working order weighed some 317 short tons (288 t; 283 long tons) accompanied by a tender that weighed 174 short tons (158 t; 155 long tons) when two-thirds loaded. Calculated tractive effort is 97,350 lbf (433.0 kN). The Challenger class was intended to speed freight operations on the 0.82% grades across Wyoming, while the 1.14% Wasatch Range climb east from Ogden was to be conquered by the Big Boys without helpers. The Challengers and Big Boys arrived on the scene just as traffic was surging in preparation for American participation in World War II.

Revenue service and retirement (1943–1957)

UP 3985 was part of the 4664-4 group of Challengers built in 1943.[4] Although this group consisted of 31 locomotives, only 25 went to the Union Pacific.[5]

UP 3985 operated in its last revenue train service in 1957,[1] and the locomotive was officially retired in 1962. The following year, No. 3985 was repainted and put on display in Cheyenne, Wyoming, for the 1963 National Railway Historical Society (NRHS) Convention alongside Big Boy No. 4023 and 4-8-4 "Northern" No. 844, which had been in excursion service since 1960. After the convention, No. 3985 was stored inside the UP's Cheyenne roundhouse along with No. 4023.[1] In 1975, it was placed on outdoor display beside the Cheyenne depot.[1]

Restoration and excursion career with UP (1981–2010)

Beginning in 1979, a group of Union Pacific employee-volunteers started work on restoring the locomotive and it was returned to operating condition in March 1981.[1][6] The locomotive made its first run in May during Railfair 1981, where it attended the opening of the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento, along with No. 844.[6][7] Built to burn coal, it was converted to burn No. 5 fuel oil in 1990 to reduce maintenance stops during excursion trips.[1][7]

In 1991, No. 3985 went to Railfair 1991 along with 844 and DDA40X No. 6936. The excursion also included UP 4-6-0 No. 1243 on a flatbed.[8] The next year, the 3985 went to the National Railroad Historical Society's convention in San Jose, California. It participated in activities with Southern Pacific 4-8-4 No. 4449 and SP 4-6-2 No. 2472.[9]

In 1992, No. 3985 travelled to Topeka, Kansas, to take part in Topeka Railroad Days alongside the recently restored Santa Fe 4-8-4 No. 3751.[10] In May 1994, No. 3985 pulled an excursion on California's Cajon Pass with the Union Pacific's A-B-A set of E9 units during its 1994 tour.[11] In 1999, the 3985 double-headed with No. 844 on the way to Railfair 1999.[12] After the event, the 3985 was forced to pull the return trip with the 844 dead in tow after the FEF-3 suffered a tube failure on June 24 while on display.

The locomotive has pulled many excursion trains in three alternate identities during its career. In November 1992, No. 3985 was chosen to pull the Clinchfield Santa Train as Clinchfield Railroad No. 676, the number chosen as a continuation of the CRR's E-3 locomotives, which were numbered 670–675, on CSX trackage.[13] In May 1993, the locomotive masqueraded as sister engine No. 3967 as part of the 40th anniversary of the Rocky Mountain Railroad Club excursion, in which the original 3967, which was scrapped in 1960, pulled the same excursion on May 17, 1953.[14] During the same time period, the engine was renumbered again to 3718, the number being a continuation of the few 4664-4 locomotives that were converted to run on oil in 1945, which were numbered 3708–3717.

Stationed at Cheyenne, with other equipment in the UP's heritage collection, it was used for excursion trains and occasionally mainline freights on ferry moves. The most notable freight run of No. 3985 took place in 1990, in which American President Lines had a special request for the locomotive to pull a 143-car doublestack train between Cheyenne and North Platte, Nebraska.[15] It was in the maintenance shop at Cheyenne in 2007 and underwent repairs in 2008.[16]

The locomotive made its last runs during the Missouri River Eagle Tour, which took place from September 30 to October 14, 2010.[17] As part of the tour, No. 3985 was selected to pull the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus train from Cheyenne to Denver, Colorado, where the circus held a special performance to celebrate P.T. Barnum's birthday.[17][18] After the tour, it was taken out of service for repairs and placed into storage.[19][20]

Retirement from excursion service with UP (2010–2022)

In December 2018, Union Pacific asked the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for waivers to exempt Nos. 3985, 844 and 4014 from federal Positive Train Control (PTC) requirements;[20] in February 2019, the FRA officials responded that such waivers were not needed.[21]

In January 2020, Union Pacific officially retired No. 3985 from excursion service. The UP steam program manager, Ed Dickens, said the team felt that maintaining three steam locomotives was too much for them to handle. The No. 3985 locomotive also needed an extensive overhaul due to its poor mechanical condition as No. 4014 officially replaced No. 3985 in excursion service.[22][23][lower-alpha 1]

Acquisition by RRHMA (2022-present)

On April 28, 2022, UP officials announced that the company would donate No. 3985—along with 2-10-2 No. 5511, Centennial No. 6936, an unpowered E9 locomotive, and other rolling stock from their heritage fleet—to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America in Silvis, Illinois.[26][27] RRHMA aims to restore the Nos. 3985 and 5511 steam locomotives to operating condition.[27] On May 13, 2022, RRHMA launched a fundraiser to raise money for the work.[28] On that same year, UP began to move 3985 and the rest of the donated equipment on November 11. The train arrived at the RRHMA shops on November 19.[29][30]

Notes and References

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

• Challenger No. 3985
• UP Steam

На других языках

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- [en] Union Pacific 3985

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[ru] Union Pacific 3985

Union Pacific 3985 или коротко UP 3985 является паровозом «Challenger» типа 2-3-0+0-3-2 (ложный Маллет). Построен в июне 1943 года компанией ALCO для дороги Union Pacific. Из всех ныне действующих паровозов (на 2011 год) UP 3985 является самым большим и тяжёлым: общая длина — 122 фута, общий вес — более миллиона фунтов (почти 500 тонн)[1].

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